Tuesday, 2 May 2017

Countach! It’s a Gold-Plated Lamborghini Countach!

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1987 Lamborghini Countach 5000 QV by Bertone

For those of us born in the 1970s, it’s nigh impossible to imagine a world without the Lamborghini Countach in it. And as much as some of us might preen and trot out our purist credentials, saying we prefer Marcello Gandini’s unmolested LP400 shape, the Countach we all fell in love with was the beflared Lambo with the phone-dial wheels. Whether that was the 400S, the Walter Wolf 500S that came disassembled in the Tamiya box, or the later 5000 Quattrovalvole, it matters not; the car’s visuals didn’t change radically until the unfortunate-looking 25th Anniversary model, which added a grip of Testarossa-style strakes to aid in cooling. They also had the unfortunate side effect of making Lamborghini look like it was cribbing from Ferrari, and the Countach had always been anything but a Ferrari. So how does one properly bring a body style from the late ’70s into the late ’80s? Simple. Add gold.

In the 1980s, silver-toned metallic finishes were out. Even the lowly Chevrolet Celebrity got up on the chrome-delete tip with the Eurosport variant. Gold, however, was way in. One might recall that our president first tasted national fame during the decade, and if you really wanted a Countach to pair correctly with your Omega Constellation Manhattan, well, it turns out Sant’Agata was willing to make that happen.

This, friends, is the shockingly rad result. It’s a 1987 5000 QV in white over white, with 14-karat-gold accents. One of two reportedly produced by the factory, this one was recently restored by Polo Storico Lamborghini. It has to be one of the most perfectly perfect Countachs that ever Countached a Countach. You may recall that countach is a Piedmontese expletive, which makes this the “Damn, Daniel!” of Lamborghinis. We apologize for trotting out a meme from last year, but in such an accelerated age, it’s due to come back into vogue within the next three weeks, anyway. Consider us ahead of the curve. And back at it again with the white-on-white Lambo.



Consider this Lamborghini’s price a bit ahead of the curve as well. While early cars are beginning to command very large sums, RM Sotheby’s suggests that this 5000 QV should cross the block at a price somewhere between $518,000 and $627,000 during their Villa Erba, Italy, event at the end of the month. Meanwhile, in America, a red example with a rear wing and those woeful front and rear bumpers was just bid to $251,000—and didn’t sell. Is the gold over white worth twice as much? Normally, we’d say no. But in the rarefied world of auction weirdness, why not? It’s a white Countach with a gold-plated shift gate and exhaust pipes. If that’s not worth a half-million dollars these days, why should anything at all be worth the sum?

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Countach! It’s a Gold-Plated Lamborghini Countach!

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2017 Dodge Challenger GT AWD – Instrumented Test

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Can You Get a Decent Car for $1000 or Less? Yes, and Here’s a Pathway through the Junker Jungle

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Can You Get a Decent Used Car for $1000?

Today it’s as easy as it has ever been to buy a vehicle for less than a grand—and equally dangerous to your financial health. The internet has allowed more sellers than ever to pass on tons of crap cars to unsuspecting buyers, and you don’t want to be their next sucker. So where should you go to get a good used car for $1000 or less? Let’s start at the nadir and work our way from there to Cheap Car Heaven.

Impound Lots: Most cars that are crusher fodder and worth more in parts than whole wind up at impound lots. Abandoned vehicles make up the vast majority of the rolling relics sold by local wrecker services and tow yards. However, there are a few drug-seized vehicles that are of the Better Call Saul variety, along with cars impounded for drunken-driving offenses. You can expect most to be as rough as a worn-out mop.

So why go to an impound lot? Because it’s a great place to buy a parts car without the Craigslist price premium or hassle. For parts cars, this is the right place to go. But for ones that actually run, keep looking.

Junkyards: Some junkyards also are licensed to sell running cars. Millions of vehicles are sold by the big salvage auto-auction companies such as Copart and Insurance Auto Auctions. A small percentage will be older cars that still run but are deemed totaled due to the cost of replacement parts. Often, the car will only have cosmetic issues from minor accidents, such as a dented door or a bashed-in bumper.

So you need to determine whether you care that a car has taken a stiff left hook to its rear door. It’s not always easy on the ego to buy a car that looks as if it got into a fight and lost. But if dents, scuffs, and older metal are your personal ticket to cheap motoring and penurious plentitude, call up a local junkyard and see what it may have available. Take note that some states are far more liberal than others in regulating such sales.

The author nabbed this 1979 Cadillac DeVille for $500 via word of mouth.

Airport Auctions: Some folks take a one-way flight overseas and never return. Passport issues and expired work visas may have a hand in this. But the resulting abandoned cars have a big, telling advantage over those previously mentioned: You know they were still running when they were parked.

You can find vehicle auctions at many airports. If you want to bid, call first, then show up during the preview time slot with a jump box and an OBD II vehicle diagnostic scanner. Aim for ugly and unpopular, and you may just find a vehicle that is $1000 or less. If you don’t want to wait that long, read on.

Public Auctions: There is a pecking order when it comes to these sales. The very worst cars are usually from independent used-car dealers trying to unload rolling junkmobiles with Exorcist levels of hellish issues. New-car dealers offer trade-ins, which are usually hit and miss. The least worst cars are usually the repossessions from banks, credit unions, and finance companies. It’s tough to buy smart here if you don’t know cars well, however.

A 1994 Lexus LS400 that the author purchased for $920 at a public auction.

The Spare Car: Sometimes a car sits for a long while without being driven, either because it is the oldest car in the family driveway or the owner just doesn’t like to—or can’t—drive anymore. You can always try to get the word out on Facebook that you’re in the market for a cheap ride, but most of these cars are better found through asking around among friends and family who aren’t as internet savvy.

Government Auctions: So how can you find penny pincher’s paradise? The best car you can buy for less than $1000 is most likely to be found at one place. Yes, that $1000 Ferrari is a myth, but for $1000 or less you can often get a surprisingly nice car that has been fleet maintained, and it doesn’t have to be a police car. Govdeals and Public Surplus are quickly becoming the 800-pound gorillas of government auctions. You can also find plenty of cities and counties that do sealed bids offline and advertise in local newspapers.

Mayors, county commissioners, fire chiefs, detectives, and other high-level government employees get vehicles that won’t feature the vinyl seats and Third World plastics that adorn most police cars. The most frequent vehicles of the government-surplus variety are Ford Tauruses and Crown Victorias, Chevrolet Impalas, and older Ford Rangers and F-150s, which are personal favorites of this author. These aren’t the cutting edge of new-car technology, but to get from point A to point B, they will serve the tightwads among us quite well.

Ninety percent of your success with these cars will come from showing up in person and inspecting the vehicles, since the sellers provide almost no useful information online. Ask the manager of the county maintenance department if you can view the maintenance records, where applicable, and be prepared to spend several hours out there inspecting the cars. The other 10 percent will come down to luck.

Here’s the uncomfortable truth: To spend less than $1000 on a car, you have to be willing to risk that money and spend maybe $500 to $1000 more to get it back into tip-top mechanical shape. So do yourself a big favor and don’t be lazy in your pursuit. Go where you can have the least uncertainty and invest in the automotive beauty that lies within.

Steven Lang has been an auto auctioneer, car dealer, and part owner of an auto auction for nearly two decades.

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Explained: Why Some Engines Have Both Port and Direct Injection

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Dual-Injection---Port-and-Direct-Lead

Half of the U.S. new-car and truck fleet now is equipped with gasoline direct injection (also known as GDI)—which means the fuel is sprayed straight into the combustion chamber. This begs the question: What’s the next engine innovation about to leave the lab?

Screen Shot 2017-04-06 at 10.23.18 AMThe answer is bringing fuel to the fire by two separate paths, and a few makers already are fitting their engines with both port and direct injection. Toyota introduced this technology, which it calls D-4S injection, on a V-6 more than a decade ago and now uses port and direct injection on its 2.0-liter flat-four (which is built by Subaru), 3.5-liter V-6, and 5.0-liter V-8. Audi has it on its 3.0-liter V-6 and 5.2-liter V-10 engines.

D4+D4S_DirectInjection_30Jan17-3

Toyota’s D-4S system was introduced on the 2006 Lexus IS350 3.5-liter V-6.

Ford currently is the dominant player with what it calls dual-fuel, high-pressure direct injection (DI) and lower-pressure port injection (PI). Applications include turbocharged and naturally aspirated V-6 and V-8 gasoline engines—four in all—ranging in size from 2.7 to 5.0 liters. The 2017 F-150 Raptor flying pickup and the GT supercar both are powered by new 3.5-liter EcoBoost V-6s so equipped. Ground-bound F-150s also rely heavily on this technology with a dual-fueled base 3.3-liter V-6 and optional EcoBoost 2.7- and 3.5-liter V-6s. Ford’s most recently announced application thus far is the new 5.0-liter V-8 that will power the 2018 Mustang GT.

The Basics

Before delving into the fine points of teaming PI with DI, a short primer is in order. Contrary to Hollywood’s depictions of cars plummeting off cliffs, there is no such thing as spontaneous ignition. Because liquid gasoline won’t burn, preparing fuel drawn from the tank to combust inside the engine is a two-step process.

Step one is atomizing the liquid to fine droplets, achieved by forcing gasoline pressurized by a pump through tiny injector orifices. A study by Hitachi engineers revealed that fuel pressurized to 1000 psi and injected through orifices ranging from 0.006 to 0.011 inch in diameter yielded a 135-mph mist of droplets only 0.000003 inch in diameter. That’s fine.

Vaporization follows atomization. Here, the fine fuel droplets go through a liquid-to-gas phase change, becoming a vapor that can be mixed with air and ignited by the spark plug.

Because heat is absorbed during this phase change, there’s a cooling effect, which can be used to improve the engine’s operating efficiency. With PI, the air flowing through the intake manifold is cooled before it reaches the combustion chamber. With DI, the cooling benefit occurs within the chamber itself.

Ford engineers designed the new 3.5-liter EcoBoost engine to provide better low-end and peak engine performance, ideal for hauling heavy payloads and towing heavy trailers.

Ford equips several EcoBoost V-6 engines with dual injection, including its GT supercar.

Each strategy has pluses and minuses. PI is handy for naturally aspirated engines because cooling the incoming air increases its density and power-producing potential. It’s significantly easier to locate injectors in the intake ports, well away from the valves and spark plugs. This upstream location provides ample time for full vaporization to occur. One downside is that fuel droplets sometimes are deposited on the intake port walls, upsetting the intended fuel-air ratio.

With DI, the chance of detonation—premature ignition of the fuel and air mixture—is diminished because the phase-change cooling effect takes place during the compression stroke just before ignition. Lowering the combustion chamber’s surface temperatures enables a higher compression ratio and improved efficiency whether the engine is naturally aspirated or boosted. Ford raised peak torque by 30 lb-ft in its new 3.5-liter V-6 by combining the new dual-injection strategy with higher boost pressure.

There are downsides to DI. A DI system is more expensive because the pressure required to squirt fuel into the combustion chamber is 50 to 100 times higher than with PI, and the higher-pressure pump imposes parasitic losses. Direct injectors tend to be noisy. Carbon deposits—both on the backsides of the intake valves and on tailpipes—are service issues for some DI users. Because there’s less time for vaporization to occur, some fuel escapes the combustion chamber and the catalytic converter as particulate matter or soot. These carbon particles are similar to but smaller in size than those spit out by diesel engines.

The Combination

The ultimate strategy is combining both PI and DI benefits, using each to diminish the other’s negatives. Toyota, for example, fires both injectors during low to medium load and rpm conditions—in other words, during normal driving. This raises the density of the incoming charge without boosting and flushes carbon deposits off the intake valves. During high load and rpm circumstances, when maximum combustion chamber cooling is needed because detonation is more likely, DI handles all the fuel delivery.

D4+D4S_DirectInjection_30Jan17-4

Each maker uses a different strategy regarding when to use port, direct, or both injectors. One of Toyota’s torque versus rpm versus injector use maps is shown here.

Peter Dowding, Ford’s chief engineer of powertrain gasoline systems, revealed a different strategy. Ford uses PI alone at idle and at low rpm for smooth, quiet, and efficient engine operation. As rpm and load increase, fuel delivery becomes a programmed blend of PI and DI. In contrast to Toyota’s methodology, Ford’s PI is always operating, responsible for at least 5 to 10 percent of the fuel delivery.

Dowding and his Ford engineering colleague Stephen Russ stress that carbon deposits on tailpipes and intake valves have never been an issue in their DI engines. Dowding adds: “Now that electric motors are being assigned increasing propulsion roles, our task is to improve engine efficiency whenever we can. Ford’s dual-fuel technology has already proven to be a valuable, cost-effective strategy in this effort.”

Designing and developing modern engines is a juggling act that attempts to balance power, emissions, mileage, durability, drivability, and other concerns. The dual-fuel strategy gives engineers an additional key to turn as they strive to unlock more energy from each drop of gas. As lessons are learned and component costs fall, expect more makers to adopt this approach to fanning their fires.

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Monday, 1 May 2017

2018 Porsche 911 GT3 – First Drive Review

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2018 Audi A5 Coupe Tested: Stealthy Speeder

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