Friday, 28 April 2017

To V or Not to V? We Attend Cadillac’s V-Performance Academy

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Cadillac V-Performance Academy

The rubber industry owes a debt of gratitude to Cadillac. More than a decade and a half after the Escalade helped usher in an era of plus-size wheels and tires to mass-market consumers, the American luxury brand now actively encourages owners of its ATS-V and CTS-V to burn through tires at the racetrack. The brand’s V-Performance Academy is a two-day high-performance driving school that comes standard with the purchase or lease of a new 2017 Cadillac ATS-V or CTS-V.

Lessons are conducted at Spring Mountain Motor Resort and Country Club in Pahrump, Nevada, an automotive playground located approximately 53 miles west of McCarran International Airport in Las Vegas. Enrollment in the academy includes two nights’ lodging at Spring Mountain’s onsite condos, a Cadillac courtesy vehicle, transportation to and from the airport, and breakfast and lunch as well as one dinner. Airfare, though, is not included, and 2017 ATS-V and CTS-V customers have one year after delivery of the vehicle to take advantage of the offer before it expires.

Cadillac V-Performance Academy

Cadillac’s hope is that ATS-V and CTS-V customers will learn to better understand and make use of the immense performance potential built into their cars by attending the school, which is designed to teach enrollees proper high-performance driving techniques as well as educate them about their vehicle’s specific technology features. While the brand wouldn’t share with us how many 2017 ATS-V and CTS-V consumers have Cadillac up on its offer to attend the V-Performance Academy free of charge, a Cadillac spokesperson stated that the Academy’s popularity has resulted in more classes being added to Spring Mountain’s calendar. Enrollees need not be owners of a 2017 ATS-V or CTS-V, either; non-owners may attend the V-Performance Academy at a starting price of $2470 per customer.

While these paying customers can choose whether their time at the school is spent behind the wheel of an ATS-V or a CTS-V, owners enrolled on Cadillac’s dime are given seat time in a car that mirrors their own personal purchases. All of the Cadillacs used by the instructors and students of the V-Performance Academy wear the same grippy, street-legal Michelin Pilot Super Sport tires offered on ATS-V and CTS-V models sold at Cadillac dealerships, without special track preparations. The Graphite Gray Metallic CTS-V we were placed in included comfortable 20-way heated and ventilated power seats, tri-zone automatic air conditioning, and a massive panoramic sunroof. Nor has Spring Mountain touched the cars’ mechanicals: ATS-Vs at the track are motivated by a stock 464-hp twin-turbocharged 3.6-liter V-6 engine mated to either a six-speed manual or eight-speed automatic transmission, while CTS-Vs maintain their raucous 640-hp supercharged 6.2-liter V-8 paired to an eight-speed automatic.

Spring Mountain, with its sprawling six-plus miles of tarmac, offers up to 18 different track configurations ranging from the 1.0-mile South course to the 6.1-mile SM Long course. Cadillac’s V-Performance Academy uses the tight and twisty 1.5-mile West course. Before letting students ever put a tire on the tarmac, the Academy’s instructors first engage in a brief safety talk and vehicle introduction. It’s at this point that instructors begin etching into students’ minds the importance of looking toward the next turn rather than at the turn ahead. They also begin familiarizing drivers with the cars’ traction and stability control setups, as well as proper seating position. Only then do students take the wheel, first completing a slalom, then braking at full force in both wet and dry conditions and snaking through a serpentine, low-speed course dotted with a handful of strategically placed cones that serve as turning points. Success in the serpentine is determined by looking through the turn and not at the turn ahead. To drive this point home, Academy instructors place a sun visor on the windshield of each student’s vehicle and ask him or her to complete the serpentine without any ability to look at the nearest turn.

Cadillac V-Performance Academy

Academy instructors aren’t done, though, as students are then ferried off to another area of Spring Mountain that features two small courses: a wet figure eight and a dry oval. The former course lets students put the lessons they learned weaving in and out of the serpentine to the test—only now with much less traction. The latter allows the driver to perfect his or her ability to turn on an apex. Both activities also test each student’s ability to control oversteer and understeer. Once all of these activities have been completed, students are allowed onto the entire 10-turn West course.

While Day One ends with a quick run around the West course, all of Day Two’s driving activities are done while lapping the curvy course in lead-follow sessions. Between driving sessions, instructors go over the cars’ technology features, including the standard Performance Traction Management (PTM) system and the $1600 Performance Data Recorder (PDR).

PTM provides five track-ready settings under the Track driving mode (there are also Tour and Sport driving modes): Wet, Dry, Sport 1, Sport 2, and Race. Progressing from Sport 1 to Sport 2 to Race mode loosens the reins of the vehicle’s traction and stability control systems, allowing the driver to operate with more slip and less electronic intervention. Instructors direct students to drive the course in Sport 1. While we’d likely have had more fun with our CTS-V’s nannies set to Sport 2 or Race, the cantankerous Caddy proved a mighty handful even in Sport 1 thanks to the West course’s short straightaways and tight turns.

Cadillac V-Performance Academy

If PTM is an on-track tool, then PDR is an off-track one. The system contains a windshield-mounted camera that’s able to record drives onto a removable memory card housed in the glovebox. In theory, PDR is little more than a factory-mounted dashboard camera; however, ATS-V and CTS-V models equipped with the system are also able to overlay performance information such as vehicle speed, engine speed, lateral g-forces, and steering angle. Videos can be viewed on the cars’ center-stack touchscreen or on a computer. Frankly, the PTM and PDR portions of the academy will feel like a time-share presentation to students who don’t own an ATS-V or a CTS-V. Nevertheless, ATS-V and CTS-V owners attending the school will likely appreciate the in-depth analysis given toward their vehicles’ available features and functions.

Regardless, the V-Performance Academy is an impressively thorough two-day performance driving school that provides valuable experience to ATS-V and CTS-V owners and non-owners alike. We believe a longer track configuration would allow CTS-V owners to take greater advantage of that car’s immense power, while an opportunity to take a few laps without an instructor car leading the way (an option not offered) would also be a welcome addition.

Still, the instructors are happy to go toe to toe with each student’s capability. As we continued to push our CTS-V’s limits around the little loop, we found that by the end of the second day our car’s Michelin tires were becoming increasingly greasy with each and every lap. While the tires never became so slick as to shake our confidence, the four contact patches felt just loose enough to let us know that our $94,075 supersedan would need its rubber replaced soon, ensuring Cadillac’s continued contribution to the health of the tire industry.

Cadillac-V-Performance-Academy-REEL

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To V or Not to V? We Attend Cadillac’s V-Performance Academy

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2018 Volvo XC60 T6 First Ride: No Swedish Fishiness Here, Only Goodness

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2018 Volvo XC60 T6 First Ride! – First Ride

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2017 Honda Civic – In-Depth Review

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2018 McLaren 720S Dissected: Chassis, Powertrain, Styling, and More! – Feature

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Haulin’ Juice: This Company Wants To Take the Tesla Approach Large-Scale with Electric Semi Trucks

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Haulin' Juice: This Company Wants To Take the Tesla Approach Large-Scale with Electric Semi Trucks

From the May 2017 issue

Trevor Milton wants to do Elon Musk one better in the field of zero-emission transportation. With his Nikola EV semi-tractors, he hopes to disrupt the market for the largest commercial trucks on our roads, just as Tesla did for luxury sedans. His business model even borrows the inventor Tesla’s first name.

But Milton, who made his fortune developing heavy-duty natural-gas powertrains, is embracing hydrogen for his Class 8 long-haul trucks. “People are taking a lot of intermediate steps, and I think that’s the wrong way to do it,” he said of the slow crawl toward a hydrogen infrastructure. He plans to develop a network of refueling stations along the nation’s major shipping corridors concurrently with the introduction of his trucks.

Tractor Dream

The One isn’t all-wheel drive, because only one rear axle is powered. But there are two electric motors on both its front (1) and forwardmost rear (2) axles, which also enables torque vectoring. Those axles feature independent suspension, promising a smoother ride than most big rigs. The hydrogen tanks (3) sit aft of the cab, while the fuel cell (4) and the battery pack (5)—all 32,000 cells—are beneath the floor.

Tractor Dream

Milton’s Nikola One is the supercar of sleeper cabs. Four 800-volt electric motors fed by a 320-kWh lithium-ion battery, which is itself powered by a hydrogen fuel cell mounted below the frame rails, combine to shove 1000 horsepower and 2000 pound-feet of torque through a two-speed automatic transmission. With the 5000-psi hydrogen tank filled to capacity, the Nikola One can travel between 800 and 1200 miles, depending on how close the payload is to its 65,000-pound capacity. A typical diesel tractor-trailer gets between 5 and 7 mpg. Nikola claims the equivalent of 13 to 15.

All of these specs exceed industry benchmarks, as does the price. At $450,000 to $500,000, the One would cost four times as much as the average sleeper. But that includes maintenance for seven years plus hydrogen for a million miles (a 7-mpg Peterbilt would burn nearly $360,000 in ­diesel fuel over that distance at today’s prices). Testing starts next year, and while there’s only one working prototype, Milton says he has about 8000 orders and production booked for five years starting in 2020.

Haulin' Juice: This Company Wants To Take the Tesla Approach Large-Scale with Electric Semi Trucks

Tougher EPA requirements through 2027 essentially require truck manufacturers to embrace electrification. But diesel prices—not Milton’s lack of billions or his strategy to produce boundless quantities of hydrogen from solar arrays—may stop Nikola. Diesel costs about $2.50 per gallon at this writing. Even if it rises to $3.50—the threshold at which most large fleets would buy more efficient trucks, according to a recent University of Michigan survey—truck operators prefer more affordable upgrades such as improved aerodynamics, idle-reduction measures, and speed limiters.

There is some hope, however, in the same survey, which found that 30 percent of all operators said they would consider hydrogen and electric powertrains in the next two years. But those people might not stick around to buy once they see the Nikola’s price.

Space Truckin’

Who’d ever have thought that driving could be faster than the internet? With enough data, it is. Amazon’s Snowmobile is a 45-foot-long, 68,000-pound hard drive in a tractor-trailer. (The name is a riff on Snowball, Amazon’s large-scale data-transfer service.) For up to half a million bucks per month, Amazon will bring a trailer to you and transfer up to 100 petabytes (100 million gigabytes) to it, then physically drive the data to Amazon’s nearest cloud server. Total upload speed: less than a month by truck versus a few years over even a high-speed internet connection.

Haulin' Juice: This Company Wants To Take the Tesla Approach Large-Scale with Electric Semi Trucks

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Toyota Recalls 228,000 Tacoma Pickups for Leaky Axles

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April 28, 2017 at 12:28 pm by | Photography by Michael Simari

2017 Toyota Tacoma TRD Pro

Toyota is recalling about 228,000 Tacoma pickups in the U.S. with faulty rear axles, the automaker said this week.

Most 2016 and 2017 Tacomas have a rear axle that may leak oil from the differential cover. This can damage the axle, reduce vehicle power, and possibly seize the axle, which could lock the rear wheels while driving and send the truck out of control. Toyota has not reported any crashes or injuries. A filing with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration was not available.

Dealers will inspect the rear axles and tighten the fasteners if there are no leaks. For a leaking axle, technicians will replace the axle-carrier gasket and fasteners. If the axle is damaged, they’ll replace the whole assembly. Repairs will begin starting in mid-June.


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A Truck’s Tow Rating is Whatever You Decide It Is

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Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Jet Van: Slower Than a Jet, Fancier Than Most Vans

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Mercedes-Benz Sprinter Jet Van: Slower Than a Jet, Fancier Than Most Vans

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Mercedes-Benz-Sprinter-Jet-Van-101

To most people, high-end business travel starts and ends with a first-class plane ticket, but apparently for the terrestrial-bound few, it means a large van outfitted like Mar-a-Lago. What else explains German tuner Brabus’s constant obsession with Mercedes-Benz vans slathered in leather, TV screens, and other frippery? Now there’s another choice in the high-end market for business-travel vans: the Jet Van, a Mercedes-Benz Sprinter done up real classy by Carlex Design.

The Jet Van comes outfitted with both 40-inch and 21-inch 3D displays as well as two touchscreens (one per bank of seats) that can manipulate the climate control, TV screens, external parking cameras, seat adjustments, lighting, and window shades. Everything is slathered in black or gray leather and faux suede, so it may be nice to touch, but even the splashes of “exotic wood” and 24-karat-gold plating on various bits fail to lighten the mood. Carlex, for its part, describes the space as “dark and elegant,” so we’ll leave final judgment on the ambiance to you.



Externally, the Sprinter-based creation wears gold-colored wheels, a predominantly black paint scheme, and a front bumper with gaping intakes similar to those on the Mercedes-AMG E63 sedan. There’s no word on the Jet Van’s powertrain or price, but you can bet the beast won’t be nearly as quick as an actual jet or as expensive, yet it’s still extravagant enough that it might cause an issue down in accounting.

Mercedes-Benz-Sprinter-Jet-Van-REEL


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Thursday, 27 April 2017

2017 Chevrolet SS Manual Final Test: Fanboys’ Last Chance!

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2017 Nissan Titan XD – In-Depth Review

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On the Path to Autonomous Vehicles, Police Officers Get Left Behind

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Mandatory credit: FRESCO NEWS / Mark Beach Uber crash

While responding to reports of what looked like a routine car crash early on the evening of March 24, Officer Dustin Patterson of the Tempe, Arizona, police department became an unwitting pioneer of the autonomous age.

On arriving at the scene, Patterson learned that one of Uber’s self-driving cars was among the four vehicles involved. The company had started testing in this Phoenix suburb only three months earlier; this marked the first time one of the city’s police officers would investigate a crash that involved a car traveling in autonomous mode.

Within minutes, Patterson determined the Uber car was not at fault. A human driver had made a normal human mistake, turning left at an intersection into the path of the Uber car, which was a 2017 Volvo XC90 SUV. It was a simple case of failure to yield. Determining how to handle a crash involving an autonomous vehicle, however, was more complex.

For starters, the official Arizona crash-report document used to collect information on collisions contains spaces for hundreds of variables—ranging from weather at the time of the crash to whether wild animals or livestock were contributing factors. But none of the spaces allow officers to denote that a car was operating under control of a self-driving system.

“The disturbing thing for me is that they’ve been, by and large, left out of the discussion so far.” – Jim Hedlund, Governors Highway Safety Association

This was a minor crash, and all vehicle occupants walked away. Had it been more serious, other complications may have been more concerning. Patterson had no way of knowing, for instance, whether data in the car could be relevant to an investigation. If Uber’s human safety driver hadn’t been present, the officer would have had no way of knowing whether the autonomous systems in the Uber remained active or whether they posed an ongoing safety hazard.

Officer Patterson had no set of procedures to follow, because the Tempe Police Department, like pretty much every other law-enforcement agency in the country right now outside Silicon Valley, has no defined method for or expertise in investigating accidents involving self-driving vehicles.

A dozen states already allow autonomous vehicles to test on public roads, and 28 more states have legislation pending that addresses the arrival of this potentially game-changing form of transportation. A growing number of transportation experts and law-enforcement officials caution that too many questions remain unanswered regarding the interaction between police officers and self-driving cars.

Uber-crash-1

Law Enforcement: “Left Out of the Discussion”

Some involve everyday operations, and others involve crashes in which first-responders may be at heightened risk. Following the Uber crash, a spokesperson for the Tempe Police Department said, “As far as the dangers post crash, we are always cognizant of the danger that can occur while investigating any crime and not necessarily specific to autonomous vehicles.”

That’s not good enough, according to Jim Hedlund of the Governors Highway Safety Association. His recent report, Autonomous Vehicles Meet Human Drivershighlights concerns that police officers haven’t been trained to identify the potential hazards. For their own safety, Hedlund said, officers should have the means to determine whether a crashed vehicle has any autonomous features that may affect their safety during an on-site investigation.

“The disturbing thing for me is they’ve been, by and large, left out of the discussion so far,” he said. “People aren’t even talking to them, even within state task forces.”

“Both highway patrol and local areas need to know how
to interact with the vehicles, and we’ve put out what we think are minimum standards.” – Brian Soublet, California DMV

On a more mundane level, the GHSA report says that traffic records should have spaces for officers investigating crashes to record a vehicle’s autonomous capabilities. Traffic officials have proposed two potential modifications to the standard Model Minimum Uniform Crash Criteria used by accident investigators, which could spur changes to the documents. One would allow officers to check whether a vehicle traveled under zero, partial, or full control of an automated system. Another would allow them to denote the vehicle’s level of automation using SAE’s guidelines. These proposals are subject to further debate this August at the national Traffic Records Forum conference.

But such proposals lead to more basic questions: How are officers supposed to understand the nuances between different levels of automation?

“There should be a place in a car where that sort of information is kept,” Hedlund said. “Somewhere where an officer can look for information on the autonomous technology and how to determine whether it’s still active. But these are questions for once a car is stopped. Do we know how an officer can make a traffic stop? What happens when you want to wave a car over? Something as simple as that.”

Accident on the Trans Canada Highway, near Nairn Centre, Ontario, Canada on June 29, 2008. | Location: Nairn and Hyman, Ontario, Canada.

California: At Forefront of Mandatory Rules

For now, human safety drivers remain behind the wheel in almost all autonomous test cases. But that will change, and soon. California, home to 30 companies currently permitted to test autonomous vehicles, held hearings this week on proposed regulations that pave the way to put fully driverless vehicles on the roads by the end of 2017.

Provisions in those new regulations would mandate that car companies provide “law-enforcement interaction plans” to authorities located in the jurisdictions they intend to test. These would provide information on how to communicate with vehicles in both normal traffic and emergency situations, where insurance and registration information can be found, and how to detect whether the autonomous mode has been deactivated.

The proposed regulations don’t specify how those companies should address those topics, but they exist to ensure that they do.

“Both highway patrol and local areas need to know how to interact with the vehicles, and we’ve put out what we think are minimum standards,” said Brian Soublet, deputy director and chief counsel at the California DMV. “They need to understand how to know if the autonomous technology is engaged, how to pull it off the road, and some important things like where to find in the vehicle who owns it and who is insuring it.”

Government officials are aware such guidance needs to stretch beyond California. In its landmark autonomous-vehicle guidance issued in September 2016, the federal government acknowledged there is “a growing need for the training and education of law enforcement” on how their interactions will change with the advent of autonomous vehicles. But, just as in California, the federal guidance contains few specifics on how that growing need should be met.

One potential solution: Ask police officers.

Otto truck Colorado

An Otto self-driving truck makes a delivery run along Interstate 25 in Colorado.

Colorado: A Lesson in Collaboration

As Hedlund indicated, many departments feel as if they’ve either gotten a late invitation to the party or left out entirely. In January, the U.S. Department of Transportation established a new advisory committee to focus on automation across all transportation modes. Not one of the 25 people appointed to that committee has a law-enforcement background, a circumstance that did not go unnoticed among police officers who have followed the development of autonomous technology.

“Not having a law-enforcement person at that table is a huge miss, in my opinion,” said Mark Savage, deputy chief of the Colorado State Patrol. “Law enforcement must have a seat at the table, because we are the ones that will be enforcing the laws.”

Savage speaks from firsthand experience. Last summer, when executives from Otto, a self-driving truck subsidiary of Uber, told Colorado Department of Transportation officials that they wanted to test on state roads, CDOT turned to Savage to formulate parameters for the testing.

“So when we sat down, we were all kind of like, ‘What do we do?’ We didn’t know.” – Mark Savage, Colorado State Patrol

Savage missed the first meeting, in August 2016. In retrospect, he said that was “a huge mistake.” He’d assumed there would be a prolonged period to deliberate over procedures, but as it turned out, Otto wanted to commence testing within a month. That surprise meant he had a compressed timeframe to provide guidance for a state with no laws or regulations to govern autonomous-vehicle testing. What the state did have was his experience in commercial-vehicle safety and a willingness to work together.

“We have no law that prohibits this, no regulatory infrastructure, and to be frank, we don’t have anything formal now,” Savage said. “That’s part of the reason they chose Colorado. But they said, ‘Hey, we want this to work,’ and they reached out in a positive manner, and said, ‘We’re not trying to slide anything under the table,’ and ‘We want to do this right, collaboratively.’ So when we sat down, we were all kind of like, ‘What do we do?’ We didn’t know.”

Savage asked experts to give his department a primer on exactly how the self-driving systems worked. He soon realized that police didn’t need a deep dive on systems operations as much as they need merely to be able to ensure the systems operate safely on the road. In the lead-up to the Otto test, the company proposed basic performance standards, such as one that states that the trucks need to remain within their intended highway lanes.

For the purposes of Otto’s test run down Interstate 25, the state patrol didn’t need to explore questions about autonomous systems because the company’s engineers rode alongside the truck and could handle contingencies—and were readily identifiable as the responsible parties. But law enforcement won’t always have that luxury.

An Uber autonomous vehicle drives in downtown San Francisco days after the company's self-driving program was temporarily halted following a crash in Tempe, Arizona.

An Uber autonomous vehicle drives in downtown San Francisco days after the company’s self-driving program was temporarily halted following a crash in Tempe, Arizona.

A Need for Fast Answers

Colorado’s collaborative efforts, along with the proposed California regulations, might provide valuable lessons for states such as Arizona, where Gov. Doug Ducey has aggressively promoted autonomous testing. In 2015, he signed an executive order that applies statewide, but that order provides no specific guidance to local communities where testing occurs.

No meetings took place between Uber representatives and the Tempe Police Department before testing began there, according to the department spokesperson, but leaders from both organizations met “shortly” after Uber began operating in Tempe.

As part of those discussions, Tempe Police said, Uber agreed to share data from any resulting car crashes should it be needed for an investigation. So far, police have said they have not requested any data regarding the March 24 crash. An Uber spokesperson said the company has fully cooperated with the Tempe Police Department.

But questions persist. Does law enforcement have the legal right to demand such data? If a police department needs data to investigate a crash involving an autonomous vehicle, would it have the on-staff expertise to understand it? What are the safety implications for first responders at scenes of accidents? What new training do officers need? With automakers and tech companies promising real-world autonomous deployments within two years, these matters remain unresolved for the people who enforce the rules of the road.

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How to Get a Deal on a Used Car, Or: Why the Heck Did I Buy 20 Smart Cars?

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Steve's small army of Smarts

It’s a common joke that winking at an auto auctioneer can get you into trouble. I found plenty of trouble recently thanks to my winking, as I am now the terrified owner of a small army of Smart Fortwo city cars. These cars have less than 12,000 miles on their odometers, are equipped with heated leather seats and upgraded sound systems, and are still fully covered by Mercedes-Benz’s four-year/50,000-mile factory warranty. At $4000 for a 2014 model and $4900 for a 2015 model, the Smarts weren’t so much bought as they were legally stolen. Although it’s a bit nerve-racking to own so many of them, to me these cars represent the rolling embodiment of opportunity in today’s used-car market.

When it comes to used cars, it pays to study the recent past to help understand the present. The Smart Fortwo, for example, has not sold well in the past few years. Last year, U.S. sales fell 17 percent to a mere 6211 units. That comes after sales plummeted 28 percent in 2016 to 7484 units. Parent company Daimler has decided that it will no longer sell the gasoline-powered model in North America but only the Fortwo Electric Drive.

Smarts are now sitting en masse at wholesale dealer auctions around the country along with a multitude of other subcompact and compact vehicles. Last year, I picked up a 2015 Ford Focus SE hatchback with 20,000 miles for only $9000. There were thousands of one-year-old Chevrolet Cruzes, Dodge Darts, and other compacts that sold for even less money. Consider that the next time you want to finance or lease a 2017 model.

2016 Dodge Dart

2016 Dodge Dart

Small cars are getting creamed these days, and they are not the only ones. Large sedans have struggled to sell, too. Americans are flocking toward crossovers and SUVs in the wake of lower fuel prices. Add to this the fact that vehicles in general are expected to depreciate faster this year.

These are the four major factors that drive depreciation:

1. The Too-Cheap Lease

Back in 2014, you could get a Nissan Leaf for $199 a month with $2000 down. That turned out to be too low in the long run. Sales cratered by more than 50 percent by 2016, and residual values for off-lease Leafs got clobbered. The Leaf is just one of dozens of cars that fell out of favor from 2014 to today. Even if you’re not buying cars by the dozens the way I am, it’s incredibly easy to figure out where the used-car deals are. Just Google “2014 lease deals,” find those models that interest you the most, and then go here to see how their sales went over the last three years. If the sales declined by double digits, you can be assured that there is still a big surplus of supply and a lack of current demand. Some 2015 models are also fair game, since a lot of folks still do 24-month leases.

2016 Nissan Leaf

2016 Nissan Leaf

2. Lame Ducks

Nothing hurts a used car more than having an old body style or being equipped with undesirable options. I could have bought a new Honda Accord for $15,000 back in 2013, thanks to a nearby dealer who was stuck with two stick-shift base models that had been on his lot since early 2012. Eight months later, I saw an identical version of one of those cars sell at a dealer auction for only $10,000. Stick-shift versions of non-sporty cars always get hit hard, and so do models that look dated due to a new generation that’s already out.

3. Two Steps to the Left

Gas prices have a huge impact on used-car demand. When gas prices are low, most folks who trade in their cars will take what we in the business call two steps to the left and buy a slightly larger or less fuel-efficient vehicle. Since gas is now cheaper than it was in early 2014, that former hybrid buyer may go for a compact crossover, like a Honda HR-V, that can offer them 34 mpg on the highway instead of 53 mpg like the current Toyota Prius. Many former Toyota Camry and Accord owners “get stilts” and shop for a larger Camry- or Accord-like vehicle that sits a little taller, such as a mid-size crossover or a compact SUV. Thus, mid-size and smaller cars are cheaper now, but if oil ever climbs back to $100 a barrel, you’ll see the exact opposite behavior take place.

4. Rental-Car Hell

 Some models won’t die; they just continue to be produced in near perpetuity for rental-car franchises. The Dodge Grand Caravan is now in its 10th model year, and the previous Chevrolet Impala lasted 11 long years. If you reserved a subcompact rental car but are handed the keys to a minivan or a mid-size car, you now have a pretty good idea of what the local dealers around you can’t sell anymore.

2017 Dodge Grand Caravan

2017 Dodge Grand Caravan

So let’s revisit those Smart Fortwos and see how they measure up. Back in 2015, Mercedes was offering a $99 lease with just under $1400 down for a 2015 Smart. That deal, sadly, stretched all the way back to 2012 because the tiny Smart was always a tough sell even when gas prices were high. Sales after 2014 still declined by well over 35 percent. The 2014 and 2015 models were the last two years of the old body style, and Mercedes tried to pawn off the remaining cars, like the ones I ended up buying, as rental-car fodder but found few takers. That’s how a two-to-three-year-old car can lose two-thirds of its value, even with low miles.

Here’s the deal: In the used-car market, the past and the present will always work in tandem to create what will become buying opportunities for those who want to hit ’em where they ain’t—and save thousands doing so.

Steven Lang has been an auto auctioneer, car dealer, and part owner of an auto auction for nearly two decades.

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The Life of a New-Car Dealer

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Comfortably Dumb: If the Car Is Doing the Driving, Will Anybody Be Doing the Thinking?

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From the May 2017 issue

If the dominant narrative holds and autonomous cars do colonize our roads, there will be no more mental calculations of time, distance, and speed. No best-guessing what that idiot in the left-turn lane will do instead of turning left. Not even any more weighing whether to grind your teeth, honk the horn, or flip the bird. Which doesn’t sound all bad. But will turning on an au­tono­mous vehicle turn off a driving mind? Will relinquishing control and responsibility make us dumber?

Intelligence means different things to different scientists. It’s not solely a question of whether or not self-driving cars will make us stupid, but which brain cells are threatened with dying off. Jonathan Schooler, a professor of psychological and brain sciences at the University of California, Santa Barbara, is interested in the cognitive science of how human brains work.

“It’s certainly true that if people lead stimulating and complex lives, that influences the brain and influences mental development,” he explains. “There’s research on the complexity of occupations, people who have more complex jobs with more complex demands, and how that affects their thinking and also how that affects their aging. In general, more complex jobs will lead to greater cognitive flexibility.” That extends to everyday tasks as well. So autonomous vehicles may allow us more time for contemplating the state of the universe, which would better hone the keenness of a human mind than ruminating on the injustice of this week’s Bachelorette dismissals. But probably not.

John D. Lee, an engineer and the Emerson Electric Quality and Productivity Professor at the University of Wisconsin, Madison, also sees autonomous vehicles as a mixed bag for our minds. “The oxymoron of autonomy is that we think it reduces skill requirements when often it increases them,” he says. “If it’s not full autonomy, then sometimes you need to interact. We need to remain vigilant and ready to step in when necessary. Automatic makes the easy things easier and the hard things harder.”

Fully autonomous vehicles will almost certainly make us more cognitively lazy about driving, and likely will effectively “de-skill” us over time so that when there’s an emergency, we’re incapable of saving ourselves. “Skills we don’t use will atrophy,” concludes Lee. “The dangerous thing is that we will lose skills that we periodically need to drive safely.”

Lee suggests that driver training will need to adapt to semi-autonomy. And those technologies need to be designed to keep us sharp—not always to drive for us, but to prompt us to drive better and maybe even to offer some constructive criticism of our skills. Because while fully autonomous cars will promote complacency, the steps between here and there, if linear, “could make us much less lazy than we are today,” says Lee. In other words, there’s still time for us to swerve around a truly stupid future.

HIGHWAY TO THE DANGER ZONE

Not all driving is the same. The Yerkes-Dodson theory describes the relationship between psychological arousal and perform­ance. At low levels of arousal, such as commuting, driving is a rote chore demanding minimal performance. When driving at speed or racing, the arousal level is high and performance rises with it as the task grows more complex—until it peaks. It’s at this point you feel “in the zone” and ecstatic, as that peak is self-reinforcing. It’s a tough edge to maintain, though. Too much arousal can push you past the Yerkes-Dodson peak and overwhelm your abilities. But that’s probably not what’s on your mind as the car spins into the wall.

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Confirmed! Diesel-Powered BMW 540d Coming to the U.S.

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2017 BMW 540i xDrive

BMW soon will launch a diesel version of the newest 5-series sedan in the U.S. called the 540d, a company spokesperson has confirmed. The new diesel-powered sedan will join diesel versions of the 3-series, X3, and X5, all of which are currently for sale after passing more stringent EPA emissions testing for the 2017 model year.

Although no official U.S. information is available yet, we assume the 540d will be powered by the 3.0-liter turbo-diesel six-cylinder found in the Europe-market 530d. In that application, it makes 262 horsepower and 457 lb-ft of torque; the 540d nomenclature suggests that our version of the car might make some extra power.

The previous-generation 5-series diesel, called the 535d in the States, offered both rear- and all-wheel drive, so that should be the case for the new car. We can probably expect an uptick over the 535d’s 30-mpg EPA combined rating, given BMW’s claim that the Europe-market 530d is 13 percent more efficient than its predecessor. We drove a 530d earlier this year and were impressed with the engine’s effortless power and smooth demeanor.

Stay tuned for more official info on this new oil-burning 5-series. BMW isn’t ready to share specifics on the 540d, but we’d expect it to go on sale late this year, likely as a 2018 model.


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Wednesday, 26 April 2017

Radiator Springs Eternal: Meet the Cars of Pixar’s “Cars 3”

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2017 Ford Edge Vignale First Drive: Blueblood Wearing a Blue Oval

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2017 Ford Edge Vignale: On the Edge of Pretension – First Drive Review

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Five-Cylinder Fever! Audi Announces TT RS and RS3 Pricing

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Now that those who were imprinted by Group B cars as children have reached their prime earning years, Audi has smartly returned the departed TT RS to us and deigned to send along the RS3. Equipped with 400-hp turbocharged five-cylinder engines, just like Michèle Mouton used to run—only less laggy, more efficient, and featuring the aid of modern traction and stability control, therefore perhaps less likely to hurl an enthusiastic motorist off the side of a mountain. And unlike the 302-hp Sport Quattro of the 1980s, the new MQB-based RS siblings won’t cost as much as a single-family home. At least, not any sort of single-family home you’d actually want to reside in.

The TT RS starts at $65,875, which is expensive when you consider that it shares its bones with your neighbor Herff’s Volkswagen Golf Alltrack, but the sum begins to sound reasonable when you note that it’s got one more cylinder than corporate sibling Porsche’s 718 Cayman S, makes 50 more horsepower, and costs $1475 less. For your money, Audi gives you 19-inch wheels, a leather/imitation suede multifunction steering wheel, nappa leather, and eight-way power sport seats. The RS also features LED headlights and the customary fixed rear spoiler.

Options include 20-inch wheels, carbon-ceramic front disc brakes, Audi’s Black Optic package that darkens the brightwork, an interior with red diamond-pattern stitching and RS-emblazoned floor mats, a Bang & Olufsen sound system, the MMI Navigation Plus infotainment system, Audi Connect 4G LTE connectivity with Siri Eyes Free functionality, and a smartphone interface with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto integration. Herff, of course, will just think you put fancy pipes and a body kit on a TT, but what does Herff know? Herff’s really into his inflatable hot tub.

But if you’d really like to confuse Herff, buy a new RS3 and leave his weak-tea decals flapping in the breeze. Available for the first time on our shores, the screamin’ sedan features the same five-pot honker as the TT RS, but it features four doors and a back seat usable by human beings with intact lower limbs. Starting at $55,450 for 2017 models and rising to $55,875 for the 2018 version, the sedan’s styling mines a similarly aggressive vein as the TT’s but features a slightly amended list of options. Fret not, for you can still opt for the carbon-ceramic front rotors, Fireball Roberts.



If you’re in the market for one of the first RS3s off the boat, your options are already chosen for you. All 2017 models will have carbon-fiber inlays, a Bang & Olufsen sound system, 19-inch five-spoke wheels with a titanium finish, MMI Navigation Plus, red brake calipers, and a black-tipped RS sport exhaust. And no, Herff did not just cruise past, bumping Devo’s “Freedom of Choice.” You’re hearing things, man. You’ve got the five-cylinder fever. You’ve got it bad.

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Five-Cylinder Fever! Audi Announces TT RS and RS3 Pricing

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2017 Jeep Grand Cherokee – In-Depth Review

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2017 Nissan Rogue Sport Saves Some Cash but Not Some Gas

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2017 Nissan Rogue Sport

Last year, the mid-size Rogue crossover became Nissan’s top-selling vehicle, surpassing the Altima as it climbed close to 330,000 yearly sales. When something is drawing in that many customers, it’d be foolish not to try to build on that momentum. So, for the 2017 model year, Nissan is expanding the brand and introducing the compact Rogue Sport (sold as the Qashqai elsewhere) to the U.S. market. It will start at $22,380, which is about 10 percent less than the regular Rogue.

Similar to the Rogue lineup, the Rogue Sport will have three trim levels: the base S, the $23,980 SV, and the $27,030 SL. All three can be upgraded from front- to all-wheel drive for $1350. A USB port, Bluetooth connectivity, a backup camera, tire-pressure monitoring, and satellite radio come standard on the S. The SV adds 17-inch wheels, a proximity key, push-button start, a roof rack, automatic headlights, and a rear multifunction cargo system. The SL is loaded with heated front seats, leather, 19-inch wheels, remote start, navigation, a 7.0-inch infotainment touchscreen, a heated steering wheel, and a 360-degree-view camera. The S has an optional Appearance package, the SV has available All-Weather and Premium packages, and the SL has available Premium and Platinum packages.

2017 Nissan Rogue Sport

Those looking to the Rogue Sport for better fuel economy will be disappointed to learn that the mini Rogue actually drinks slightly more. The sole powertrain is a 2.0-liter DOHC 16-valve inline-four that makes 141 horsepower and 147 lb-ft of torque, paired with a continuously variable automatic transmission. The EPA has rated the FWD Sport at 25 mpg city, 32 mpg highway, and 28 mpg combined, while the FWD 2.5-liter four-cylinder Rogue is 1 mpg better in all measures. The AWD Sport is rated at 24/30/27 mpg, compared with the AWD Rogue’s 25/32/27 mpg. This despite the Sport’s 200-pound advantage. When we asked about this, a Nissan spokesman attributed the loss of fuel efficiency to “tuning.”

The Rogue Sport, which is 12.1 inches shorter and has a 2.3-inch-shorter wheelbase than the Rogue, will join the Juke to compete in the subcompact-crossover market against the Kia Soul, the Jeep Renegade, and the Toyota C-HR, among others. Considering the current market climate, it’s not hard to imagine these things will be flying off showroom floors when they go on sale starting May 11.

2017-Nissan-Rogue-Sport-REEL

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2017 Nissan Rogue Sport Saves Some Cash but Not Some Gas

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This Diesel-Powered BMW M550d Has As Many Turbos As a Bugatti

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BMW-M550d-xDrive-PLACEMENT

BMW has concocted a recipe that will have many car enthusiasts salivating: a diesel-powered, nearly 400-hp, all-wheel-drive, quad-turbocharged 5-series that is available as a wagon. It’s called the M550d xDrive, and it joins the V-8–powered M550i as the second M Performance model in the new seventh-generation 5-series lineup. At least it does in Europe, where it’ll go on sale later this year. As is often the refrain with European diesels and wagons, don’t count on it coming to the U.S. anytime soon.

The new turbo-diesel 3.0-liter inline-six installed in this special 5-series makes 394 horsepower and a whopping 561 lb-ft of torque. It’s aided by four turbochargers (yes, four)—one more than the previous-gen M550d’s inline-six had—to produce its maximum torque as low as 2000 rpm; it also achieves the rough equivalent of 40 mpg. All it’s missing for true purist street cred is a manual transmission; an eight-speed automatic is standard, routing power through a rear-biased all-wheel-drive system.

BMW M550d xDrive

Both the sedan and wagon versions of the M550d xDrive get a special body kit and their own 19-inch or optional 20-inch wheels to set them apart visually. Interior upgrades include sport seats, faux-suede touches, and aluminum trim. And, of course, you’ll find M badges everywhere, lest anyone overlook that you’ve splurged for the high-performance 5-series, if not the full-blown M5.

As for us Americans, we’ll have to be content with the 5-series sedan, because BMW has essentially ruled out the possibility of any 5-series wagon variant coming to the United States. At least diesel fans can hold out some hope; BMW says an oil-burning 5er is coming to America eventually, although we reckon the more pedestrian 530d is more likely than this M550d on our shores.

BMW-M550d-xDrive-REEL


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This Diesel-Powered BMW M550d Has As Many Turbos As a Bugatti

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2017 Audi A6 3.0T Competition Tested: This or an S6?

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As Tears Go By: 1937 Talbot-Lago T150-C SS Goes Up for Auction

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Talbot-Lago T150C SS

The half-decade preceding Hitler’s invasion of France gave rise to some of the most majestic interpretations of the automobile in the device’s then half-century of existence. Although Citroën had aimed for the upper end of the mass market with its 1934 Traction Avant, featuring unibody construction, at the high end of the market the action was squarely in the body-on-frame, specialized-coachwork realm. Firms such as Touring were doing admittedly wonderful work in Italy, but the French were working at another level entirely. Put simply, they were busy creating some of the most striking automobiles the world had ever seen. Voisin’s magnificent C28 Aérosport bowed in late 1935, mere months before Bugatti’s radical, riveted Type 57SC Atlantic Coupe of 1936. But there’s an argument to be made that, for unadulterated elegance, both cars were bettered a mere year after they arrived—by none other than the Talbot-Lago T150-C SS bodied by Figoni et Falaschi.

Talbot-Lago T150C SS

An evolution of Talbot-Lago’s T120, the T150-C featured a short-wheelbase chassis and a hot overhead-valve engine. Tony Lago, who’d taken control of the former Darracq works in Suresnes, outside Paris, had gone to London to license the Wilson preselector transmission and a suspension design from Sunbeam-Talbot-Darracq, from which his own company had grown. Oddly enough, in 1958 Lago sold his company to Henri Pigozzi of Simca, which, in 1970, officially became part of Chrysler Europe alongside the former Rootes Group, which had previously hoovered up the Sunbeam and Talbot brands. Ashes to ashes, Bowie sang, all done up in his Pierrot finery.

Future machinations of the cross-Channel auto industry aside, the technology Lago brought back to Suresnes made for an effective, if not worldbeating, racing car. In 1938, a showroom-stock example placed third at the 24 Hours of Le Mans. In that summer before the German invasion of Poland put the world’s most famous endurance race on hiatus for a decade, none other than Luigi Chinetti—future American Ferrari importer and founder of the beloved North American Racing Team—entered a competition-prepped T150-C SS. Chinetti’s car managed 81 laps of the Circuit de la Sarthe before opting for a dirt nap, which was good for 27th place. By 1949, when the race resumed, Talbot-Lago was a shadow of its prewar self, a mere decade away from its demise.

Talbot-Lago T150C SS

So, yes, the T150-C SS was a good, possibly even great car for its day, taken purely on its mechanical merits. But what put it over the top was the teardrop bodywork by Figoni et Falaschi. They’d effectively applied the design language to Delahayes prior to their work on the Talbot, but the Delahayes were huge, imposing pontoon boats, nearly cartoonish in appearance. The T150-C SS was something else entirely. A Gallic rebuke to the recently introduced Mercedes-Benz 540K Autobahn-Kurier, the Talbot scoffed at the Benz’s very literal name and its meager rear-only fender spats. Like the Delahayes that preceded it, the T150-C SS was available with spats on all four wheels. Figoni dispensed with the elegant brutality that tended to characterize Bugatti and Voisin vehicles of the era and aimed for pure, unadulterated beauty. The “Goutte d’Eau” (Drop of Water, or Teardrop), as it was known, wore nary a hard edge save for the crease bisecting the windshield.

This particular car, chassis number 90110, was delivered in 1937. Hidden during the war, it resurfaced afterward in Switzerland in the care of an H. Frey, of Wengen. We like to imagine H. Frey was warmly welcomed by Monsieur Gustave during his prewar visits to the Republic of Żubrówka. In any event, H. Frey had the car rebodied by Hermann Graber of Wichtrach, Switzerland, as an open car. In 1966, he sold the automobile to a G. Frey of Zurich. This was presumably not the same G. Frey who performed “The Heat Is On,” a hit song featured in the 1984 Eddie Murphy film Beverly Hills Cop.



Three years after the release of Beverly Hills Cop, Murphy starred in Beverly Hills Cop II, which featured no compositions performed by G. Frey, late of the Eagles. Oddly enough, G. Frey of Zurich chose 1987 to sell his T150-C SS to its current owner, who then commissioned Auto Classique Touraine of Tours, France, to restore the Talbot-Lago to its original form, including the front fender’s spats. It was one of only two examples of T150-C SS to wear them.

Up for auction next month at the RM Sotheby’s Villa Erba event, this 4.0-liter, triple-carb, hemi-straight-six-powered coupe is sure to bring serious coin. The auction house suggests bidding will end somewhere between $3.5 and $4.5 million, which is more scratch than you’re bound to scrape together busking “The Heat Is On” in the bowels of the Paris Métro. Eddie Murphy, though? He’s probably got the money to buy it. Perhaps he should.

1937-Talbot-Lago-T150-C-SS-REEL

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